Lock



Patented Sept. 26,

3 SHEETSSHEET l.

' llllllllllW/l/l "*fllll [III D. K. MILLER, DECD. M. e. CAMPBELL, sxapumx. LOCK. APPLICATIION FILED MAY 2!, 1918.

Lwmm

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

v ,ity of construct-ion,

obtained, and which l atented ept. 26, i 1922.

DANIEL K. MILLER, DECEASED, LATE j 1.30am

F F l E 0 OF PHILAIELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, BY

MARGUERITE G. CAMPBELL, EXECUTRIX, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYL VANIA.

LOCK.

Application filed May 27, 1918. Serial No. 236,942.

The object of my invention is to construct a lock in which a high grade of security is possesses the qualities of strength, durability, compactness, simplicand cheapness of manufacture. I

- In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a mortise lock with my improvements;

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan View ofthe same, partly in outside View; a

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan on the line 12, Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 3 4., Fig. 1; a

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 longitudinal sections illustrating the operation of the lock;

Fig. 8 is a view illustrating of the bolt-throwing'device;

.Fig.'9a sectional view of the tumbler carrier, tumblers, and dog, showing the parts detached; I

Fig: 10, a perspective view of the tumblers;

Figs; 11 and 12, perspective diagrams on i a larger scale of part of the lock;

Fig. 13, a. diagram illustrating the action of the tumblers, 'and Figs. l3 -to 36, are views illustrating vari ous forms of lock in which the main features of my invention are embodied.

ings, a simple .form of lock embodying the invention, and will afterwards set forth the various modified forms illustrated inthe drawings in which the lock or parts of'the same can be made without departing from my invention. e

A represents, the casing, which is constructed to fit a mortise in a door as usual, and in this casing slides a boltBhavinga the operation a stem B which is adapted to the recessed portion of a cylinder D secured within the casmg in any suitable manner.

thin the cylinder is a tumbler carrier which in thepresent instance is simply a slieleton frame composed of end plates a and slde bars b, the endplates being journalled in the casing of the look, so that the tum-- bler carrier is free to turn in the cylinder D,

but has no other movement independently thereof.

The tumblers consist of flat plat es arranged side by side, and-fitting so snugly.

between the endv plates at of the tumbler carrier that there is considerable friction, when one tumbler is moved upon another, so that if one tumbler is moved the others will move with it unless they meet with an obstruction sufficient to prevent such movement.

There are two sets of tumblers m and n, i

the tumblers m having at their upper ends projecting lugs i, and in the cylinder Dare internal cams g and h located opposite each other and acting upon the tumblers in the manner explained ereafter. In the tumblers are slots f forming a key- Way, similar slotsbeing formed in the opposite end plates of the tumbler carrier, in order to form a keyway through the lock and permit the insertion of the key from either Side;

Each of the tumblers is notched on the edge as at e for the entrance of a dog d.

guided inone of the side bars I; of the tum- 4 bler carrier.

The boltoperating device consists of a tooth p on one of the end plates .of the tumbler carrier, said tooth being adapted to a recess pf in the stem B of the bolt.

In order to give a general understanding" of my, invention, I will first describe, on ref- 'erence to sheet 1 of the accompanying drawand the lugs z of the tumblers m are brought under the influence of the cam g, whereby said tumblers m are depressed and carry with them thetumblers n,

When the bolt is projected, the parts are a as and turning it and the tumbler carowing to the intimate frictional contact of the two sets of tumblers.

As the movement of the tumblers m is a.

blers n can be arranged in any desired rela-.

tion to each other, the bits of. the key being similarly arranged, in order to stop the movement of each tumbler n when its notch is in line with the dog. (See Fig. 12.)

The tumblers m do not come into contact with the key at all, so that the key need not be bitted with referenceto said tumblers but only with reference to the tumblers n, hence, while all of the, tumblers must be properly set in order to open the lock, the

key need only be cut to govern the tumblers n, and hence can .be much coarser than usual, without in any way impairing the securlty of the lock.

This will be understood on reference to F 13, in which it will be observed that although the lock is a thirteen tumbler lock, thekey has only six bits.

After the notches of the tumblers have all i been brought into line, the continued movement of the cylinder brings the outer end of the dog d under the influence of the cam g and as the inner end of said dog is free to enter the notches of the tumblers, thedog is pressed inward by the cam,'as shown in Fig. 6, and offers no obstruction to the 'turning. of the cylinder to the position shown in Fig. 7, which movement is caused to efiect the retraction of the bolt B, by reason of the engagement of the tooth p with the recess 10' in the stem'B of the bolt, as shown in Fig.8.

On imparting a reverse movement to the cylinder in order to project the bolt, as,

shown in Fig. 1, the dog d is first withdrawn from the ,notches of the tumblers and the latter are then elevated to their original position by engagement of their lower projecting ends with the cams h,

the upward movement of the tumblers 711 being stopped by contact of the bottoms of the slots with the lower edge of the key, or, by contact of their upper ends with the cam g, or by both means, and the bitted upper edge of the key being then free from engagementwith any of the tumblers, so that it can be readily withdrawn.

The ejecting of the dog (2 is efi'ected by one of the tumblers m, marked in the drawing with a star, the notch e of this tumbler being bevelled on the underside and the lower'end of the tumbler bein somewhat wider than the others, so that it will come under the influence of the-cam h, and be slightlyelevated before the other are acted upon.

Any desired number of tumblers may, however, have these beveled notches.

In the rear of the recess p in the stem of the bolt, is a shoulder 10 with which the plate a engages when, the bolt is projected, so that the forcing of said bolt is prevented.

Having thus described the construction and operation of one form of my improved look I desire to say that the main feature of the invention is the employment of two sets of tumblers, one .set positively actuated, and the other set deriving their movement from frictional contact with the first, and this use of positive and friction tumblers I adhere to in all the various modifications of construction or arrangement of the tumblers or other portions of the lock which I will hereafter describe. 1

Owing to this feature of my invention, all springs in connection with the tumblers are dispensed with, and in consequence, very thin tumblers canbe used, a large number of tumblers in a small lock bein permissible, and a high grade of 'securlty .being thus obtained, together with extreme simplicity of construction and economy of manufacture.

While preferable it is not absolutely necessary that the tumblers m should have notches to be brought into line for the entrance of the dog, as the tumblers m may have notches of such a length that said tumblers have nov control over the movementof the dog but simply eifect the necessary movement of the tumblers n.

When the tumblers m are constructed with notches as described, however, they add to the security of the lock, 'as in attempting I to pick the lock both sets of tumblers m and n must be properly adjusted before the tumblers carrier can be turned to actuate the bolt,

and as the tumblers are in frictional contact with each other, the movement of any one of said tumblers is liable to derange the other tumblers, so that the greater the number of tumblers which must be brought into line and held there, the greater will be the difficulty ofpicking the lock.

Even when the tumblers m are not constructed'soas to necessitate a certain adjust-' ment before the lock can be opened, said tumblers serve to increase the difficulty of pickin the look by conveying movement to the other tumblers and disarranging' the same, and in this respect, the tumblers m are essentially diiferent from a slotted frame carrying the tumblers n.

Figs 13* and 14 show a master key lock constructed in accordance with my invention, the carrier F having two dogs d, d,

each tumbler m having two lugs z', 2', one on each side of the cam g and both sets of tumblers being notched on both edges. 7,

When the carrier is turned to the right by the special key the tumblers m are depressed by the contact of their lugs i with the cam g and the notches e of the tumblers are brought into line for the entrance of the dog d, but when the carrier is turned to the left by the master key, the tumblers m are depressed by contact of their lugs z" with the cam g and a. different adjustment of the tumblers is effected in order to bring their notches e into line for the entrance of the dog d.

The bolt B in this case has a stem with two arms, each recessed for the action of the tooth p of the plate a, and the latter is cut away orreduced on the side opposite the tooth so as not to interfere with the movement of one arm of the stem when the tooth is acting on the other arm of-the same. (See Fig. 13

The cam h is double and acts upon the lower ends of the tumblers on either movement of the carrier and said cam h is shorter or lower than the cam 9 so that the projecting end of the dogs 03 d clear it as the tumbler carrier F is rotated in either di-' rection.

As shown in sheet 1 of the drawings, the cams g and h are struck up from the metal of the cylinder D. Various other plans of making the same may, however, be adopted, for instance, flat bars may be secured at proper angles, as shown in Fig. 15, so as to serve as cams, and the cylinder D may be dispensed with, undue movement of the tumblers or the detaching of the same from the carrier F being prevented, either by the dog or by a rib on one of the bars I), or by both descent 0 plans, as shown. Solid cams'forming part of a cast metal casing may also be used, as shown in Fig. 16. The latter is a master key. lock in which, however, I have shown two cams g, each tumbler m having but one lug i. In this lock the cam h is not reduced in height as in the lock shown in Fig. 14, but the dogs (I d are arranged above the center of the carrier F so that the movement of said carrier necessary for the operation of the bolt may be effected without the necessity of carrying either of the dogs past the cam h. I

Fixed cams are not necessary for the operation of the tumblers. In Fig. 17 for instance I have shown a lower cam h pivoted in a recess in the casing. As the carrier F. is turned in the direction of the arrow, this cam swin s downward so as to permit the the tumblers. The cam is acted center of the carrier, so that on the backward movement of said carrier the cam is restored to its orlginal positlon, and elevates the tumblers as soon as the latter are brought .under the influence of the cam or the cam for operating the dog 03, this cam being preferably formed in each end of the cylinder so as to act upon the opposite ends of the dog.

A pivoted cam may also be used in place of the upper cam g.

, In the tumblers shown in Figs. 15 and 17 the keyway is in one edge instead of in the center, and if desired, projections on the tumblers may be brought into contact with the key instead of forming keyways in the tumblers.

In Figs. '18 and 19 I have shown a form of key which can be used with my improved construction and arrangement of tumblers, and which will render unnecessary the use of cams in the lock case or cylinder. This key is made in two parts m and m which are suitably connected together so that they can slide upon each other but cannot be separated laterally.

In the portion 00 of the key are formed the notches and bits forthe tumblers, and on the portion at are formed the cams g and h whereby the tumblers areoperated.

When the key is to be used, the portio m projects beyond the portion as, as shown in Fig. 18, and-on thrusting the key into the lock, the said portion enters the keyway first until its further movement is arrested by suitable shoulders or stops.

. On further pressing the key the portion 02 enters the keyway and the cam 9 acts upon the tumblers m so as to depress the same and apply thetumblers n to the bits of the portion :12, the key finally assuming the position shown in Fig. 19. On withdrawing the key the tumblers are acted upon and raised by the cam h as the portions 00 of the key is drawn outward, the portions 00 being retained by its engagement with the tumblers until the last one of the latter has been raised.

It will be understood that the tumblers m are so constructed and the portion 00 of the key so notched that said tumblers m, when depressed, will be in the path of the cam h.

In Fig. 20 I have shown a duplex lock having tumblers adapted to engage with the notches in both edges of the key. In this look the key is turned continually to. the right, the tumblers and cams being so constructed and arranged in respect to each other that the key is released from the control of the tumblers when the carrier has ever, may be oper'ated inthe manner before completed a half revolution. The look, howdescribed, the carrier being turned part way around to withdraw the bolt and permit the withdrawal of the key.

This lock may be so modified on the principle of the master key lock, as described, that a complete or almost complete revolution of the carrier will be necessary in order to withdraw the bolt, two keys being required, the first for imparting the first half turn to the carrier, and the second for completing the movement. This form of lock is of value for safe-deposit boxes or drawers, as the first key may be in the possession of the attendant at the vault, while the second is held by the owner of the box or drawer, the use of both keys being necessary before the box or drawer can be opened.

In the lock shown in sheet 1, the rotation of'the-tumbler carrier is arrested by the contact of the stem of the bolt with the end ofi the lock casing.

In some locks, however, it may be desirable to stop the movement of the tumbler carrier at a certain point, independently of the movement of the bolt, and in such cases I can'use a stotumbler t, one form of which is shown in Figs. 21, 22 and 23.

When the bolt is projected this tumbler occupies the position shown in Fig. 21 and hence does not interfere with the turning of the carrier in the proper direction, as indicatedby the arrow.

Just before the carrier reaches the limit of its movement in this direction however, one end of the tumbler t is brought under the control of a lug t, and said. tumbler is thus depressed so as to bring its opposite end within range of a stop lug F, as in Fig. 22, and thereby prevent the further forward movement of the carrieix:

W hen the tumbler t is in the position shown in Fig. 22, a portion of said tumbler occupies a recess t in the key (Fig. 24) the rear edge of this recess being beveled, so that as the key is withdrawn the tumbler is moved to the position shown in Fig. 23.

On a continued movement of the tumbler carrier in the direction of the arrow, the. same operation takes place, the lug t in this case, however, acting as a stop and the In t as the means of actuating the tumbler.

t is not essential that the tumbler carrier should be caused to rotate as in some cases it may be secured to and move with the bolt, the tumblers being actuated by cams in the casing and thedog'being undercontrol of one of said cams, as shown for instance in Fig. 25. I 11 some forms of lock the tumbler carrier F may be stationary and the bolt may be controlled by the cylinder D, the latter being so constructed as-to be free to turn on the carrier F, and being furnished with a knob or handle for convenient manipulation.

The key in this case would be thrustinto the keyway and the cylinden D then turned so as to actuate the tumblers, dog and bolt.

The use of'a dog in connection with the tumblers is not essential to my invention, as in some cases the bolt may have a stump adapted to enter the notches of the tumblers, one form of this device being shown in Fig. 26. In this case the key is first inserted, and a sliding movement is then applied to the bolt, so that a cam g on the latter will cause the proper adjustment of the tumblers before the stump d on the bolt enters the notchesof the tumblers or the cylinder D may have internally projecting plates forming notched stumps, which are the counterpart of the notched edge of the key and 'which will prevent the rotation of. the carrier F until the tumblers have been properly adjusted. Such plates are shown at d in Fig. 27.

A suitable stop on the carrier may be used to limit the upward movement of the tumblers n, in which case the said tumblers may be moved in both directions by frictional contact with the tumblers m, the latter only being acted on by the cams g and i2, and if desired, both sets of cams may act upon the upper ends of the tumblers m, for instance, one cam 9 may act upon one edge of each tumbler to depress it, while on the opposite motion the other cam It will act upon the opposite ed es of. the tumblers with a lifting effect. acter is shown in Fig. 26.

In this case each tumbler m has a projection 2' beveled on one edge and undercut on the opposite edge, a beveled shoulder g on the bolt B acting on the beveled edge of a duplex lock (Fig. 20) but a single lock may also be used for this purpose, such a lock being illustrated in Figs. 28 and 29.-

In this case the dogs are operated .by an independent cam similar to that shown in Fig. 17, the cam acting upon the ends of the dogs.

The attendant first turns the tumbler-carrier to the extent of a half revolution, the

tumblers being adjusted for the dog d, and

the dog 03 being free from the influence of the cam. At the end of the half movement the tumblers are moved by the cam g as shown in Fig. 29, so as to release the attendants key and leave the tumblers in condition for the entrance of the owners key,

construction of this characting on the lugs vi. to: restore the tumblers by which the tumbler carrieris turned the final half of the revolution, the tumblers being adjusted for the entrance of the dog -d, and the dog J being free from the influence of the cam. Stop tumblers and cams- .of the character shown in Figs. 21, 22 and .23 should for convenience, be used in this look to prevent undue movement of the tum- 1 bler carrier by either the attendant or the quarter of the revolution or second movement of the owners key serving to again project the bolt and close the lock, leaving the arts in their original positions, so that whi e the lock can be closed by the owner without the assistance of the attendant, the co-operation of both, as above described, is necessary before the lock can be opened.

Two cams g and hare not necessary for the proper operation ofthe tumblersfand in Figs. 30 and 31 I have shown a lock in which a single cam 9 serves both to depress and elevate the tumblers, thus, on first turningthe tumbler-carrier from the position shown in Fig. 30, the tumblers will be depressed by the cam, but when the carrier has made a half revolution the said cam will have acted upon the opposite ends of the tumblers to elevate or restore them,

as shown in'Fig. 31, another half revolution bringing the parts to their original position.

In this case, however, the last half of the revolution of the tumbler-carrier is lost motion, hence I prefer to use two cams in locks of this class, that is to say, sliding tumbler locks.

The objection is-not, however, applicable to a lock having rotating tumblers, such as shown in Figs. 32 and 33. In this lock the tumblers are circular disks and are hung to a pin in the carrier, the key slots being curved and the key correspondin 1y shaped, although the keyhole may be at, if desired. y

The lock shown is a master key lock, and a j on turning the carrier to the right, the pro- .JGCtiOIl g will act upon the'lugs i of the positive tumblers andcause the latter .to

turn upon their pivots so, as to bring their notches 'e and those of the frictional tumblers-into line for the entrance of the dog d, as shown in F 33, the projection gt;

on the backward movement, and pn turnin the carrier to the left, the projection wi act upon the lugs i'to' set the tumblers fQJL' the {10g i 11 3-; a I

, surface.

by the projection on the backward movement in order to restore the tumblers to their original position.

In Fig. 34 I have shown a lock with vibratin tumblers in accordance with my invention, the action of these tumblers being substantially the same as that of the other tumblers shown and described.

In all of the locks which I have thusfar described the tumblers m and n have been alternated and their sides have been in frictional contact. This construction, while preferable, need not be adopted in all cases in carrying out my invention, as the tumblers a may be actuated by'frictional contact of their edges with the tumblers m.

In Figs 35 I have shown one way of iming tumbler lock in which the friction tum blers n are actuated by contact with the edges of the tumblers m, the edges being, if desired, grooved to increase the frictional In this case the key isinserted into the keyway in the tumblers n. A. dog is used for the tumblers m, however, as well as for the tumblers n, so that both sets of tumblers must be properly set before the lock can be opened.

It will be noticed that in my improved lock the tumblers are arranged to move in a direction transversely to the length of the key, so that the edge of the latter instead of the end is bitted for the reception of the tumblers, thus giving greater length available for the formation of-the bits and perincreased.

" ,I claim:

said tumbler carrier whereby the movement of the positive tumblers is efiected.

2. A lock in which are combined a tumbler. carrier, a set of tumblers having a posii ,b ers a tumbler carrier free to rotate but tive movement, a set of tumblers the movement of which .is due to frictional contact with the positive tumblers, and which are .moved towards the bitted face of the key by such contact .a device independent of said tumbler carrier whereby the movement of the positive tumblers is effected, and a bolt the movement of which is dependent upon the adjustment. of the tumblers, said bolt being distinct from the tumbler carrier.

3. A lock in which. are combined a tumbler carrier, a set of tumblers having a positive movement, a set of tumblers the movement of which is due to frictional contact with the said positive tumblers, and which are moved towards the bitted face of the key by such contact a device independent of said tumbler carrier for imparting movement to the positive tumblers, and a bolt the movement of which is governed by that of the tumbler carrier.

4:. A lock in which are combined a bolt and bolt operating device, a tumbler carrier having a set of positive tumblers and a set of frictional tumblers, which are moved towards the bitted face of the key by frictional contact with, such positive tumblers a device independent of said tumbler carrier for operating said positive tumblers, and a dog or equivalent device whereby the movement of the bolt operator is obstructed except the tumblers are properly adjusted.

5. The combination of a casing, a tumbler operating device, a set of positive tumblers, a set of friction tumblers, which are carried towards the bitted face of the key b frictional contact with the positive tumhaving no other movement in the casing, an obstructing device, and a bolt the movement of which is governed by that of the tumbler carrier.

6..The combination of the tumbler carrier having a set of positive tumblers and a set of friction tumblers, which are carried towards the bitted face of the key by frictional contact with the positive tumblers a 7. Thecombination of the tumbler car- I rier having, a set of positive tumblers, and

a set of friction tumblers, with cams g and it,-

one for moving the tumblers in one direction, and the other for moving the tumblers in the opposite direction, the friction tumblers being shorter than the positive tumblers whereby they will not be acted upon by the cam 9 but will be carried by the positive tumblers into range of the mm It, substantially as specified.

8. The combination in a lock, of a casing, of a set of positive tumblers and a set of friction tumblers, a dog adapted to enter notches in the tumblers, a carrier for the dog and tumblers movable in the lock casing, and a device whereby the operation of the positive tumblers and of the dog is effected.

9. The combination of the tumbler carrier, the dog, and the tumbler operating device, with the positive tumblers and friction tumblers, said tumblers having therein notches for the reception of the dog and, one or more of said tumblers having its notch beveled for effecting the release of the do TO. The'combination of a tumbler carrier, a dog, and a tumbler operating device, with positive tumblers and friction tumblers, said tumblers being notched for the reception of the dog and one of said positive tumblers projecting beyond the others, so as to be actuated in advance of the other tumblers and said projecting tumbler having its dog receiving notch beveled so as to eject the dog.

I In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

MARGUERITE o. CAMPBELL, Eweawtm'w of Daniel K. Miller, deceased. 

